Bronze Package

Haemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body. Low levels can indicate anaemia, fatigue or nutritional deficiencies, while high levels may suggest dehydration or certain blood conditions.

Haematocrit measures the proportion of your blood that is made up of red blood cells. It works alongside haemoglobin to assess how well your blood is delivering oxygen to your tissues.

The total number of red blood cells in your blood. Too few can mean anaemia; too many may indicate a condition causing your bone marrow to overproduce cells.

White blood cells are your immune system's frontline defenders. An elevated count can point to infection or inflammation, while a low count may suggest immune suppression.

Platelets are responsible for blood clotting. Low levels may increase your risk of bleeding, while high levels can raise the risk of clots forming where they should not.

MCV measures the average size of your red blood cells. Abnormally large or small cells can help identify the type of anaemia you may have and point to nutritional deficiencies such as low B12 or folate.

MCH tells us the average amount of haemoglobin contained within each red blood cell. It helps further classify the type and cause of anaemia.

MCHC measures the concentration of haemoglobin within red blood cells. It is used alongside MCV and MCH to build a detailed picture of red blood cell health.

MPV reflects the average size of your platelets. Larger platelets are more active and can indicate platelet turnover issues or early signs of clotting disorders.

RDW measures the variation in size of your red blood cells. A wide variation can indicate mixed nutritional deficiencies including iron, B12 or folate.

The most abundant type of white blood cell, neutrophils are first responders to bacterial infections. Elevated levels typically indicate active infection or inflammation.

Lymphocytes are key to your immune response, particularly against viruses. Low levels can indicate immune suppression, while high levels may point to viral infection or certain blood disorders.

Monocytes help clear debris and fight infection. Elevated levels may indicate chronic inflammation, infection or certain bone marrow conditions.

Eosinophils are involved in allergic responses and fighting parasitic infections. Raised levels are commonly associated with allergies, asthma or sensitivities.

The rarest white blood cell, basophils play a role in allergic reactions and inflammation. Abnormal levels are uncommon but can indicate immune or blood conditions.

The overall level of cholesterol in your blood, encompassing all types. Elevated total cholesterol is associated with an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

Often referred to as the harmful form of cholesterol, LDL can build up in artery walls and increase the risk of heart disease. This is one of the most important markers for cardiovascular risk.

HDL is the protective form of cholesterol that helps transport excess cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver. Higher levels are generally associated with better heart health.

Triglycerides are the most common type of fat found in the blood. Elevated levels, particularly when combined with low HDL, significantly increase cardiovascular risk and can also indicate poor diet or metabolic issues.

A calculated ratio that compares total cholesterol to protective HDL. It is widely used as a summary measure of cardiovascular risk and provides more meaningful insight than total cholesterol alone.

Calculated by subtracting HDL from total cholesterol, non-HDL captures all potentially harmful cholesterol fractions in one figure. It is increasingly regarded as a more accurate cardiovascular risk predictor than LDL alone.

Blood glucose measures the amount of sugar circulating in your bloodstream at the time of the test. Elevated fasting glucose is a key indicator of insulin resistance, pre-diabetes or diabetes.

HbA1c reflects your average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. It is the gold standard test for diagnosing type 2 diabetes and monitoring blood sugar control in those already diagnosed.

ALT is an enzyme found predominantly in the liver. Elevated levels are a sensitive and specific indicator of liver cell damage, and are commonly raised in conditions such as fatty liver disease, hepatitis and alcohol-related liver disease.

AST is another liver enzyme that rises when liver cells are damaged. It is also found in muscle tissue, so elevated AST alongside other markers helps distinguish between liver and muscle conditions.

GGT is particularly sensitive to alcohol consumption and liver stress. Raised levels may indicate alcohol-related liver damage, fatty liver disease or bile duct problems.

ALP is produced in the liver, bones and bile ducts. Elevated levels may point to liver or bile duct disease, or in some cases bone conditions, making it a useful broad screening marker.

Bilirubin is a waste product formed when red blood cells break down. The liver processes and excretes it. Elevated bilirubin can indicate liver disease, bile duct obstruction or increased red blood cell destruction.

Albumin is the main protein produced by the liver and is a good indicator of long-term liver health and nutritional status. Low levels can suggest chronic liver disease, malnutrition or inflammation.

Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism and filtered out by the kidneys. Elevated levels suggest the kidneys may not be filtering effectively.

eGFR is calculated from creatinine levels and gives an estimate of how well your kidneys are filtering your blood per minute. It is the primary measure used to detect and monitor kidney disease.

Urea is another waste product filtered by the kidneys. Elevated urea alongside raised creatinine strengthens the case for reduced kidney function and can also indicate dehydration or high protein intake.

Sodium is an essential electrolyte that regulates fluid balance and nerve function. Abnormal levels can indicate kidney problems, dehydration, hormonal imbalances or issues with fluid regulation.

Potassium is critical for heart and muscle function. Abnormal potassium levels, whether too high or too low, can have serious implications for heart rhythm and are closely monitored in kidney disease.

Chloride works alongside sodium to maintain fluid balance and acid-base equilibrium in the body. Abnormal levels can indicate kidney dysfunction or metabolic disorders.

Phosphate is involved in bone health, energy production and cell function. The kidneys play a key role in regulating phosphate levels, so abnormalities often arise in kidney disease.